Name: 199 Quick Physics Questions &amp; Answers for Class 9-12
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Physics questions and answers for high school:

Question-1

In the International System of Units, which fundamental electrical quantity is measured in farads, representing the ability of a component to store electric charge per unit voltage?

Answer-1

The unit is the farad. This is because capacitance is defined as the ratio of the electric charge stored on a conductor to the potential difference across it, and in the SI system, it is specifically named the farad (symbol: F) after Michael Faraday. For instance, a capacitor with a capacitance of 1 farad can store 1 coulomb of charge when 1 volt is applied across its plates, making it the standard unit for this property without any alternatives in the base SI framework.

Question-2

Consider a scenario where a young male is positioned within a descending elevator maintaining a uniform speed of 30 meters per second. He propels a spherical object straight upward at 10 meters per second with respect to the elevator’s frame. Determine the magnitude and directional component of the object’s velocity relative to the stationary elevator shaft precisely at the moment of release.

Answer-2

The velocity is 20 meters per second downward. To understand this, recognize that velocities are vector quantities and must be added according to relative frames. The elevator is moving downward at 30 m/s relative to the shaft, so its velocity is -30 m/s (taking upward as positive). The ball is thrown upward at +10 m/s relative to the elevator. Thus, the ball’s velocity relative to the shaft is -30 m/s + 10 m/s = -20 m/s, which means 20 m/s downward. This calculation holds because at the instant of release, no other forces like air resistance are considered, and the relative velocity addition is direct.

Question-3

A spherical projectile departs from a female’s grasp with an initial upward speed of 6 meters per second. Calculate the utmost elevation the projectile attains above the point of release from her hand.

Answer-3

The maximum height is 1.8 meters. This result comes from applying the kinematic equation for vertical motion under constant gravity: v² = u² + 2as, where at the highest point, final velocity v = 0, initial velocity u = 6 m/s upward, acceleration a = -9.8 m/s² (downward gravity), and s is the height. Rearranging gives s = -u² / (2a) = -(6)² / (2*(-9.8)) ≈ 1.8 m (using g ≈ 10 m/s² for simplicity yields exactly 1.8 m, as 36 / 20 = 1.8). The negative sign indicates direction, but height is positive scalar here.

Question-4

A male adolescent launches a ball straight upward at an initial speed of 6 meters per second. Compute the duration required for the ball to revert back to the launcher’s hand.

Answer-4

The time is 1.22 seconds (or approximately 1.2 seconds). This is derived from the symmetry in projectile motion under gravity: the time to reach the peak is t_up = u / g, where u = 6 m/s, g ≈ 9.8 m/s², so t_up ≈ 0.612 s, and total time is twice that due to symmetric ascent and descent, yielding 1.224 s, rounded to 1.22 s. Using g = 10 m/s² gives exactly 1.2 s (6/10 * 2 = 1.2 s), confirming the approximation.

Question-5

A miniature locomotive traverses a circular path with a radius of 8 meters at a consistent rate of 4 meters per second. Ascertain the scalar value of the locomotive’s acceleration.

Answer-5

The magnitude is 2 meters per second squared. Centripetal acceleration for uniform circular motion is given by a = v² / r, where v = 4 m/s and r = 8 m, so a = 16 / 8 = 2 m/s². This acceleration is always directed toward the center, maintaining the circular path, and its magnitude remains constant despite the speed being uniform, as direction changes continuously.

Question-6

A specific apparatus applies a force of 200 newtons to a container with a mass of 30 kilograms, displacing it 20 meters across a level surface. Quantify the mechanical work performed by the apparatus on the container.

Answer-6

The work is 4000 joules. Work is the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force, W = F * d * cosθ, where θ = 0° for horizontal application (cos0 = 1), so W = 200 N * 20 m = 4000 J. This assumes no opposing forces like friction are considered in the net work done by the machine alone.

Question-7

A container starts from rest on a smooth, horizontal surface without friction. A 10-newton force acts upon it for a duration of 3 seconds. Evaluate the linear momentum of the container immediately following this interval.

Answer-7

The momentum is 30 newton-seconds or 30 kilogram-meters per second. Momentum change equals impulse, which is force times time, Δp = F * t = 10 N * 3 s = 30 kg·m/s (since N·s = kg·m/s). Starting from rest, final momentum is 30 kg·m/s in the direction of the force.

Question-8

A 10-kilogram entity, moving initially at 10 meters per second, collides directly with a stationary 15-kilogram entity. Upon impact, they adhere. Establish the speed of the amalgamated entities right after the collision.

Answer-8

The velocity is 4 meters per second. This is an inelastic collision where momentum is conserved: m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v, with u1 = 10 m/s, u2 = 0, m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 15 kg, so 1010 + 150 = 25v, v = 100/25 = 4 m/s in the direction of the initial motion.

Question-9

A particular elastic device adheres to Hooke’s principle. A 10-newton load extends it by 2 meters; predict the extension under a 30-newton load.

Answer-9

The extension is 6 meters. Hooke’s Law states F = k*x, so k = F/x = 10/2 = 5 N/m. For 30 N, x = F/k = 30/5 = 6 m. The proportionality ensures triple force yields triple extension.

Question-10

A rotary-wing aircraft rises straight up at a steady 6 meters per second relative to the terrain. When it reaches 60 meters altitude, it drops a parcel. Specify the magnitude and orientation of the parcel’s velocity relative to the ground at the release instant.

Answer-10

The velocity is 6 meters per second upward. At release, the package shares the helicopter’s velocity, which is +6 m/s upward (relative to ground), as no other instantaneous change occurs.

Question-11

A 40-kilogram female ascends a perpendicular height of 5 meters over 20 seconds at uniform speed. Compute the mechanical work accomplished by her.

Answer-11

The work is 2000 joules or 1960 joules. Work against gravity is mgh, with m=40 kg, h=5 m, g=10 m/s² gives 2000 J; g=9.8 m/s² gives 1960 J. Constant velocity implies force equals weight, so work is gravitational potential energy gain.

Question-12

An apparatus executes 8 joules of work within 2 seconds. Determine the rate of energy transfer by this apparatus.

Answer-12

The power is 4 watts. Power is work divided by time, P = W/t = 8 J / 2 s = 4 W, where 1 watt = 1 J/s.

Question-13

Identify the pioneering U.S. scientist in physics who secured dual Nobel accolades.

Answer-13

The name is John Bardeen. He was awarded in 1956 for the transistor invention and in 1972 for superconductivity theory, marking him as the first American physicist with two Nobels in this field.

Question-14

Which individual jointly received the 1909 Nobel in Physics with Guglielmo Marconi for advancing radio communication?

Answer-14

The name is Carl Ferdinand Braun. His contributions to cathode-ray tubes and wireless telegraphy enhancements earned him the shared prize.

Question-15

Which theorist initially forecasted the positron, an electron with positive charge, earning the 1933 Nobel in Physics?

Answer-15

The name is Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac. His relativistic quantum mechanics equation predicted antimatter, including the positron.

Question-16

Designate the woman physicist honored with the 1963 Nobel for elucidating nuclear shell architecture.

Answer-16

The name is Maria Goeppert Mayer. Her model explained nuclear stability via shell structures, analogous to atomic electrons.

Question-17

A steady 20-volt potential is maintained across a 2-ohm resistive element. Calculate the thermal power loss in this element.

Answer-17

The power is 200 watts. Using P = V² / R = 400 / 2 = 200 W, or alternatively, current I = V/R = 10 A, then P = I²R = 1002 = 200 W.

Question-18

A 20-volt potential spans a 4-ohm resistive component. If all dissipated energy converts to thermal form, quantify the heat emitted over 10 seconds.

Answer-18

The heat is 1000 joules. Power P = V² / R = 400 / 4 = 100 W, energy E = Pt = 10010 = 1000 J, assuming complete heat conversion.

Question-19

A 5-volt bias is imposed on a parallel-plate capacitive device with plate spacing of 0.02 meters. Evaluate the strength of the internal electric field.

Answer-19

The field is 250 volts per meter or 250 newtons per coulomb. E = V/d = 5 / 0.02 = 250 V/m, equivalent to N/C as force per charge.

Question-20

In standard operation, a 150-watt bulb at 120 volts draws what amperage?

Answer-20

The current is 1.25 amps. From P = V*I, I = P/V = 150/120 = 1.25 A.

Question-21

Transferring 5 coulombs across points requires 10 joules; what is the voltage differential?

Answer-21

The difference is 2 volts. Voltage V = energy / charge = 10 J / 5 C = 2 V, as 1 V = 1 J/C.

Question-22

A pair of capacitors, 2 farad and 4 farad, linked in series: find the net effective capacitance.

Answer-22

The equivalent is 4/3 farads. For series, 1/C_eq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = 1/2 + 1/4 = 3/4, so C_eq = 4/3 F.

Question-23

A 10-farad capacitor holds a 20-volt differential; compute the charge magnitude on a plate.

Answer-23

The charge is 200 coulombs. Q = CV = 1020 = 200 C.

Question-24

In a steady-state DC circuit branch with a capacitor, what is the current magnitude?

Answer-24

The current is zero. Capacitors block DC once charged, acting as open circuits in steady state.

Question-25

A charged entity traverses a uniform magnetic field parallel to the field lines; depict the trajectory shape.

Answer-25

The path is a straight line. No Lorentz force acts when velocity parallels B, so motion continues unaltered.

Question-26

With a 2-meter focal length concave mirror, an item at 8 meters ahead: locate the image position.

Answer-26

The image forms at 8/3 meters or 2.66 meters in front of the mirror. Using mirror formula 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, f=-2 (concave), u=-8, 1/v = 1/-2 – 1/-8 = -1/2 + 1/8 = -3/8, v=-8/3 m (real image).

Question-27

A thin converging optic of 27 cm focal length has an object 9 cm away; pinpoint the image location.

Answer-27

The image is at -13.5 centimeters or 13.5 centimeters on the object’s side. Lens formula 1/f = 1/v – 1/u, f=27, u=-9, 1/v = 1/27 + 1/-9 = (1/27 – 1/9) = -2/27, v=-13.5 cm (virtual).

Question-28

In Bohr’s atomic model, which interaction maintained electron orbits?

Answer-28

The Coulomb force or the attractive force between proton (nucleus) and electron. This electrostatic attraction provided centripetal force for circular orbits.

Question-29

Davisson and Germer diffracted electrons off nickel crystals, yielding a diffraction pattern; what key inference arose?

Answer-29

Electrons behaved as waves. This confirmed de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves, showing wave-particle duality.

Question-30

A string wave propagates at 300 m/s with 150 Hz frequency; find its wavelength.

Answer-30

The wavelength is 2 meters. From v = f*λ, λ = v/f = 300/150 = 2 m.

Question-31

A light beam strikes a smooth reflector at 15 degrees incidence to normal; what angle separates incident and reflected beams?

Answer-31

The angle is 30 degrees. Law of reflection: angle of incidence = reflection = 15°, total between rays = 30°.

Question-32

A concave spherical reflector has 1-meter focal length; what is its curvature radius?

Answer-32

The radius is 2 meters. For mirrors, R = 2f = 2*1 = 2 m.

Question-33

One-fourth wavelength corresponds to how many phase degrees?

Answer-33

It is 90 degrees. Full wavelength = 360°, so quarter = 90°.

Question-34

A 50 Hz wave has 25 m wavelength; compute its propagation speed.

Answer-34

The velocity is 1250 meters per second. v = fλ = 5025 = 1250 m/s.

Question-35

Apart from solid, liquid, and gas, identify the fourth state of matter.

Answer-35

It is plasma. Plasma consists of ionized gas with free electrons and ions, exhibiting unique properties like conductivity and response to magnetic fields.

Question-36

What velocity is 25,000 mph on Earth and 5,300 mph on the Moon?

Answer-36

It is escape velocity. This is the minimum speed needed to escape gravitational pull without further propulsion.

Question-37

In Einstein’s framework, what constitutes the fourth dimension?

Answer-37

It is time. Relativity treats spacetime as four-dimensional, with time as the fourth coordinate.

Question-38

Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen earned Nobel for inventing what compact device?

Answer-38

The transistor. This semiconductor device revolutionized electronics by amplifying and switching signals.

Question-39

What device derives its name from a Czech term signifying forced labor?

Answer-39

The robot. Coined from “robota” in Karel Čapek’s play, it denotes automated mechanical entities.

Question-40

What term describes conditions where water coexists in solid, liquid, and vapor states?

Answer-40

The triple point. At specific pressure and temperature, all three phases equilibrium.

Question-41

Two entities orbit equal-radius circles; first’s speed doubles second’s. How many times larger is first’s centripetal acceleration?

Answer-41

It is 4 times greater. a = v²/r; if v1 = 2v2, a1 = (2v2)²/r = 4(v2²/r) = 4*a2.

Question-42

What Celsius value matches 100 Kelvin?

Answer-42

It is -173 degrees Celsius. Conversion: °C = K – 273.15 ≈ -173°C.

Question-43

Sequence these lights by ascending wavelength: red, orange, green, blue.

Answer-43

Blue, green, orange, red. Wavelength increases from blue (~450 nm) to red (~650 nm).

Question-44

What denotes heat to melt unit mass at melting point?

Answer-44

Heat of fusion or latent heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion. It’s energy absorbed during phase change without temperature rise.

Question-45

A train at 20 km/h is 0.5 km behind; crossing 0.5 km ahead. Minimum speed to arrive first?

Answer-45

10 kilometers per hour. Relative speed needed: train covers 1 km while you cover 0.5 km, so half speed, but calculation shows harmonic mean or relative: to beat, run at half the relative distance rate, but detailed: time for train = 1 km / 20 km/h = 0.05 h; your distance 0.5 km in 0.05 h requires 10 km/h.

Question-46

Steel expands linearly at 1.2 × 10^{-5} /°C. 20 m girder from 10°C to 20°C: length increase?

Answer-46

2.4 millimeters (or 0.0024 meters or 2.4 × 10^{-3} meters). ΔL = αLΔT = 1.2e-5 * 20 * 10 = 0.0024 m = 2.4 mm.

Question-47

Three-farad and six-farad capacitors in parallel: equivalent capacitance?

Answer-47

9 farads. Parallel: C_eq = C1 + C2 = 3 + 6 = 9 F.

Question-48

Term for particles symmetric in pair production, including photons, pi mesons, even-nuclei particles.

Answer-48

Bosons. They follow Bose-Einstein statistics, integer spin.

Question-49

In optics, limiting light vibrations to one plane is called what?

Answer-49

Polarized. Polarization restricts transverse waves to specific orientation.

Question-50

Mass of 60-kg astronaut in deep space away from gravitational influences?

Answer-50

60 kilograms. Mass is invariant, independent of location.

Question-51

Weight of 150-pound astronaut in deep space?

Answer-51

0 pounds. Weight is gravitational force, zero in free space.

Question-52

In which frame do Newton’s laws fail?

Answer-52

Noninertial frames. Accelerating or rotating frames require fictitious forces.

Question-53

Standing wave amplitude at node?

Answer-53

0. Nodes are points of zero displacement.

Question-54

For small swings, doubling pendulum bob mass affects period how?

Answer-54

Nothing or period is unaffected. Period T = 2π√(L/g), independent of mass.

Question-55

Why break step when soldiers cross bridges?

Answer-55

To avoid exciting vibrational resonance in the bridge. Marching cadence could match natural frequency, amplifying oscillations.

Question-56

Who designated electrical charges as positive and negative?

Answer-56

Benjamin Franklin. His convention assigned positive to resin-rubbed glass.

Question-57

SI prefix for 10^{-18}?

Answer-57

Atto. Denoted as ‘a’, e.g., attometer.

Question-58

Slingshot 10 N force accelerates rock 50 m/s²; force for 150 m/s²?

Answer-58

30 newtons. F = ma, m = F/a = 10/50 = 0.2 kg, new F = 0.2150 = 30 N.

Question-59

Relation between work and power?

Answer-59

Power is the amount of work per unit time. P = W/t.

Question-60

Heat transfer via fluid mixing is known as?

Answer-60

Convection. Involves bulk movement carrying heat.

Question-61

Sound waves classify as what wave type?

Answer-61

Compressional or longitudinal. Oscillations parallel to propagation.

Question-62

Physics definition of intensity?

Answer-62

Power per unit area. I = P/A.

Question-63

SI unit for inductance?

Answer-63

Henry. Symbol H, after Joseph Henry.

Question-64

SI unit for magnetic flux?

Answer-64

Weber. Symbol Wb, after Wilhelm Weber.

Question-65

Inventor of electric battery?

Answer-65

Alessandro Volta. His voltaic pile was the first.

Question-66

Ideal voltmeter resistance?

Answer-66

Infinite resistance. To avoid drawing current.

Question-67

Ideal ammeter resistance?

Answer-67

Zero. To not alter circuit voltage.

Question-68

Hollow metal sphere inner radius A, outer B; charge on inner surface: final location?

Answer-68

On the sphere’s outer surface or outside radius B. Gauss’s law: charge induces equal opposite on inner, excess to outer.

Question-69

In EM wave, E to B magnitude ratio equals what?

Answer-69

The speed of light or c. E/B = c = 3e8 m/s.

Question-70

4 diopter lens: focal length?

Answer-70

25 centimeters. Power P = 1/f (in meters), f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm.

Question-71

In EM wave, E and B perpendicular to what?

Answer-71

The direction of the wave or direction of wave propagation. Transverse waves.

Question-72

Neutron quark count?

Answer-72

3. Specifically, up-down-down.

Question-73

Potential energy of 10-kg cube 500 m high?

Answer-73

49,000 joules (accept 50,000 joules, uses g=10 m/s²). PE = mgh = 109.8500 = 49,000 J; or 1010500=50,000 J.

Question-74

2-kg mass accelerates 5 m/s² for 3 s: impulse?

Answer-74

30 newton-seconds or 30 kilogram-meters per second. Impulse = Δp = mΔv = 2(5*3) = 30.

Question-75

Driveshaft at 450 rad/s, 150 N-m torque: power?

Answer-75

67,500 watts. P = τω = 150450 = 67,500 W.

Question-76

Object at 10 m/s after 2 s, a=4 m/s²: initial velocity?

Answer-76

2 meters per second. v = u + a t, 10 = u + 4*2, u=2.

Question-77

For equilibrium object, forces property?

Answer-77

The sum of all forces acting on the object is zero. Net force F_net = 0.

Question-78

1000 Pa on 1/2-m side square: force?

Answer-78

250 newtons. F = PA = 1000(0.5)^2 = 1000*0.25=250 N.

Question-79

Substance density to water density ratio?

Answer-79

Specific gravity (also accept relative density). Dimensionless measure.

Question-80

C-14 to N-14 decay type?

Answer-80

Beta-ray or beta decay or electron emission. Neutron to proton, emitting electron.

Question-81

Normal sunlight unpolarized; polarized sunglasses purpose?

Answer-81

Reflected light from smooth surfaces is polarized. Sunglasses block glare from horizontal polarization.

Question-82

Household fluids like margarine decrease viscosity under shear: property?

Answer-82

Thixotropic. Viscosity reduces with agitation, reversible.

Question-83

100-watt bulb on 10 minutes: energy?

Answer-83

60,000 joules or 60 kJ or 6×10^4 J. E = Pt = 100600=60,000 J.

Question-84

Energy at 10 m from bulb x; at 20 m?

Answer-84

(1/4)x. Inverse square law: intensity ∝ 1/r², so double distance quarters energy.

Question-85

1500-W heater at 120 V: current?

Answer-85

12.5 amps. I = P/V = 1500/120=12.5 A.

Question-86

Thermodynamics branch measuring thermal properties?

Answer-86

Calorimetry. Involves heat capacity, exchanges.

Question-87

Temperature-pressure for simultaneous three-phase matter?

Answer-87

Triple point. Equilibrium point for phases.

Question-88

Name any three quarks from six.

Answer-88

Up, down, charm, strange, top (or truth), bottom (or beauty). Fundamental particles in QCD.

Question-89

Four fundamental forces; name two associated particles.

Answer-89

Graviton (for gravity), photon (for electromagnetic), gluons for strong, W/Z for weak. Any two.

Question-90

Law for vector addition grouping indifference?

Answer-90

Associative law of vector addition. (A+B)+C = A+(B+C).

Question-91

Ball upward 80 ft/s; acceleration in English units?

Answer-91

32 feet per second squared down or towards the Earth. g=32 ft/s² downward.

Question-92

Bat strikes ball 30 N for 0.1 s: impulse?

Answer-92

3 newton-seconds. Impulse = Ft=300.1=3.

Question-93

Body velocity 5 m/s east at t=0, 7 m/s west at t=2 s: average acceleration magnitude?

Answer-93

6 meters per second squared. Δv = -7 – 5 = -12 m/s, a_avg = Δv/Δt = 12/2=6 m/s² magnitude.

Question-94

100 N north on 50-kg box, friction 80 N: northward acceleration?

Answer-94

0.4 meters per second squared. Net F = 100-80=20 N, a=F/m=20/50=0.4 m/s².

Question-95

Girl throws ball up: momentum at peak?

Answer-95

Zero. Velocity zero at highest point, p=mv=0.

Question-96

2-kg rock up to 5 m max height: KE at release?

Answer-96

100 joules (accept 98 joules). KE initial = PE max = mgh=29.85=98 J; or g=10:100 J.

Question-97

Spring k=20 N/m, 5-kg mass, displaced 3 m: KE at equilibrium?

Answer-97

90 joules. Energy conserved; PE max = (1/2)k x² = 0.5209=90 J, all KE at equilibrium.

Question-98

1 mole gas at 1 atm occupies 22.4 L at what °C?

Answer-98

Zero degrees centigrade. STP condition for ideal gas volume.

Question-99

Pitcher throws baseball: trajectory shape, no air drag?

Answer-99

Parabola. Projectile motion under constant gravity.

Question-100

English physicist discovering EM induction?

Answer-100

Michael Faraday. His experiments led to Faraday’s law.

Question-101

Famous Scottish physicist died same year Einstein born?

Answer-101

James Clerk Maxwell. 1879, unified electricity and magnetism.

Question-102

1929 Nobel for electron wave nature postulation?

Answer-102

Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie. Matter waves hypothesis.

Question-103

Three U.S. physicists 1972 Nobel for superconductivity theory?

Answer-103

John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, J. Robert Schrieffer. BCS theory.

Question-104

Explained photon-electron collisions like billiards, 1927 Nobel?

Answer-104

Arthur Holly Compton. Compton effect, wavelength shift.

Question-105

Electron west of proton: force direction on electron?

Answer-105

East or toward the proton. Attractive Coulomb force.

Question-106

5 A through 10-ohm resistor 2 s: energy?

Answer-106

500 joules. P=I²R=2510=250 W, E=P t=2502=500 J.

Question-107

Charged particle perpendicular to uniform B: path shape?

Answer-107

Circular or circle. Lorentz force provides centripetal acceleration.

Question-108

Inductors store energy how?

Answer-108

In a magnetic field surrounding the inductor. Energy = (1/2) L I².

Question-109

Who showed full color from two colors?

Answer-109

James H. Land. Basis for Polaroid instant color film.

Question-110

20 N force changes 5-kg velocity by 4 m/s: time?

Answer-110

1 second. Impulse F t = m Δv, t = (5*4)/20=1 s.

Question-111

8-kg mass on spring k=50 N/m, v=5 m/s at eq: max displacement?

Answer-111

2 meters. Energy (1/2)m v² = (1/2) k A², 0.5825 = 0.550A², 100=25 A², A=2 m.

Question-112

Atmospheres in torr?

Answer-112

760. Standard atmospheric pressure.

Question-113

10 N stone on 30° hill: parallel weight component?

Answer-113

5 newtons. mg sinθ =10*sin30=5 N.

Question-114

Laura 50 N pushes 1000 N wall, arm 2/3 m: work?

Answer-114

None or zero. No displacement, W=F d=0.

Question-115

45-kg cyclist +5-kg bike down 50 m hill, final v=10 m/s: brake heat?

Answer-115

22.5 kilojoules or 22.0 kilojoules (based on 9.8 m/s²). PE initial =509.850=245,000 J; KE final=0.550100=2,500 J; heat=242,500 J≈242 kJ wait, wait miscalc: m=50 kg total, h=50 m, PE=509.850=24,500 J; KE=0.550100=2,500 J; heat=22,000 J=22 kJ (approx 22.5 with g=10: 25,000 – 2,500=22,500 J).

Question-116

Class of subatomic particles: proton, neutron, lambda, sigma, omega.

Answer-116

Baryons. Heavy hadrons made of three quarks.

Question-117

Proton quark count?

Answer-117

3. Up-up-down.

Question-118

German physicist Nobel for quanta in radiation, E=hf.

Answer-118

Max Planck. Blackbody radiation law.

Question-119

Law: body rests or uniform motion unless acted upon.

Answer-119

Newton’s first law or the law of inertia. Describes inertia.

Question-120

Ice skater raises arms, spins faster: law?

Answer-120

Law of conservation of angular momentum. L constant, reduced I increases ω.

Question-121

Shotgun recoil: which Newton law?

Answer-121

Newton’s third law. Action-reaction pairs.

Question-122

Small nuclei combine to larger: known as?

Answer-122

Fusion or nuclear fusion. Releases energy in stars.

Question-123

Same element atoms, different neutrons: called?

Answer-123

Isotopes. Differ in mass number.

Question-124

Air dielectric to glass in capacitor: charge capacity change?

Answer-124

It is increased with the glass dielectric. Dielectric constant >1 increases C=Q/V.

Question-125

DC V=IR; AC equivalent using what values?

Answer-125

Root mean square (RMS) values. RMS for average power.

Question-126

Point source at focal of concave reflector: image?

Answer-126

Will not form or forms at infinity. Rays parallel after reflection.

Question-127

10 kg mass to 3 m ledge: PE increase?

Answer-127

294 joules (accept 300 joules, assumes g=10 m/s²). mgh=109.83=294 J; or 300 J.

Question-128

Electron through 1 V potential: energy?

Answer-128

1.6 × 10^{-19} joules. Electron volt definition.

Question-129

Who said alpha scatter like shell on tissue?

Answer-129

Rutherford. Unexpected backscattering led to nuclear model.

Question-130

String L fixed, 5 nodes standing wave: L to wavelength?

Answer-130

Wavelength = 1/2 L. 5 nodes imply 4 half-waves, but for n nodes, wavelength = 2L/(n-1), for 5 nodes: 4 intervals, λ=2L/4=L/2.

Question-131

20-ton car at 7 mph hits 15-ton stationary: coupled velocity?

Answer-131

4 miles per hour. Momentum: (207 +150)/(35)=140/35=4 mph.

Question-132

Nearsighted person needs what lenses?

Answer-132

Diverging or concave lenses. Corrects by diverging rays.

Question-133

Car 20 m/s stops decelerating 5 m/s²: time?

Answer-133

4 seconds. t = Δv/a =20/5=4 s.

Question-134

Term starting ‘A’ for radiation intensity reduction in matter?

Answer-134

Attenuation. Absorption and scattering reduce beam.

Question-135

Visible light from fast particles in medium >c: name?

Answer-135

Cerenkov radiation. Cone of light like sonic boom.

Question-136

Element discovered in sun spectrum first?

Answer-136

Helium. Lockyer’s solar lines.

Question-137

Gluon carries which force?

Answer-137

Strong force or strong nuclear force. Binds quarks.

Question-138

Atomic weight 119, number 50: neutrons?

Answer-138

69. Neutrons = mass – protons =119-50=69.

Question-139

0 K in Celsius?

Answer-139

-273 degrees Celsius or -273.15 degrees Celsius. Absolute zero.

Question-140

Dirac predicted positron; who observed 1932 in cosmic rays?

Answer-140

C. D. Anderson. Cloud chamber tracks.

Question-141

Elements from 1952 H-bomb, atomic 99,100: Es, Fm names.

Answer-141

Einsteinium and fermium. Synthetic transuranics.

Question-142

2-lb bird in 3-lb sealed box flying: scale weight?

Answer-142

5 pounds. Downforce from wings equals weight.

Question-143

Weather map equal pressure lines?

Answer-143

Isobars. Constant pressure contours.

Question-144

Doorbell 12V AC, transformer primary 1600 turns, 110V: secondary turns?

Answer-144

175 turns. V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, 12/110 = N_s/1600, N_s≈174.5≈175.

Question-145

Model plane 19.6 m altitude drops bomb: impact time?

Answer-145

2 seconds. t=√(2h/g)=√(2*19.6/9.8)=√4=2 s.

Question-146

Object from 4f to 2f front thin converging lens: image size change?

Answer-146

Increase. Magnification changes from smaller to larger.

Question-147

100 ft water depth pressure, ±1 psi?

Answer-147

43.3 pounds per square inch (accept 42.3 to 44.3). Density water 62.4 lb/ft³, P=ρgh/144≈43.3 psi.

Question-148

Argon-Ion laser light color?

Answer-148

Green or blue-green. Wavelength around 488-514 nm.

Question-149

Scattering for blue sky?

Answer-149

Rayleigh scattering. Shorter wavelengths scatter more.

Question-150

Blackbody radiation depends only on?

Answer-150

Temperature. Planck’s law.

Question-151

Electromagnetic induction unit.

Answer-151

Gauss or tesla. Magnetic field strength.

Question-152

Thermodynamics law against perpetual motion?

Answer-152

Second law of thermodynamics. Entropy increases, efficiency <100%.

Question-153

Ball from 256 ft, g=32 ft/s²: ground time?

Answer-153

4 seconds. t=√(2s/g)=√(512/32)=√16=4.

Question-154

900-kg ball lifted 12 m, PE=105,840 J; at 6 m: PE?

Answer-154

52,920 joules. Half height, half PE if linear, but exactly mgh/2=105840/2=52920.

Question-155

100 MHz radio carrier: wavelength?

Answer-155

3 meters. λ=c/f=3e8/1e8=3 m.

Question-156

55 g metal weighs 50 g in water: specific gravity?

Answer-156

11. Buoyancy=5 g, volume=5 cm³, density=55/5=11 g/cm³.

Question-157

BTU: heat for 1 lb what by 1°F?

Answer-157

Water. Defined for water’s specific heat.

Question-158

Light-water reactor coolant water; moderator?

Answer-158

Water or the same water. Slows neutrons via hydrogen.

Question-159

Background radiation sources: natural elements and?

Answer-159

Cosmic radiation. From space, high-energy particles.

Question-160

First artificial radiation 1932 France: scientists?

Answer-160

Irene and Frederic (Joliot-)Curie. Bombarded boron with alphas.

Question-161

Neutron half-life ±1 min?

Answer-161

11.7 minutes (accept 10.7 to 12.7 minutes). Free neutron decay time.

Question-162

100W bulb 10h, 10¢/kWh: cost?

Answer-162

10 cents. Energy=1 kWh, cost=10¢.

Question-163

Position x=t³+2 ft, t s; accel at 2 s?

Answer-163

12 feet per second squared. v=3t², a=6t, at t=2:12 ft/s².

Question-164

Ideal efficiency engine 600K source, 150K sink?

Answer-164

75 percent. η=1 – T_c/T_h=1-150/600=0.75.

Question-165

1 kg water 90°C to 10°C in 2h, c=4 kJ/kg°C: heat lost?

Answer-165

320 kilojoules or 320,000 joules. Q=mcΔT=1480=320 kJ.

Question-166

Three 15-ohm parallel: total R?

Answer-166

5 ohms. 1/R=3/15=1/5, R=5 Ω.

Question-167

Pendulum A 1s period; B 4x longer: B period?

Answer-167

2 seconds. T∝√L, T_B=T_A √4=2 s.

Question-168

2000W dryer 100V: current?

Answer-168

20 amperes. I=P/V=2000/100=20 A.

Question-169

AMA 5, IMA 6 block/tackle: supporting strands?

Answer-169

6. IMA equals strands in simple block and tackle.

Question-170

Photoelectric effect shows light property?

Answer-170

Particle nature of light. Photons eject electrons.

Question-171

0.5 T field ~1 atm magnetic pressure; 4 T?

Answer-171

64 atmospheres. P∝B², (4/0.5)²=64.

Question-172

Reactor producing more fuel than consumed?

Answer-172

Breeder reactor. Converts fertile to fissile material.

Question-173

Processes no heat exchange: called?

Answer-173

Adiabatic. Q=0, work changes internal energy.

Question-174

Velocity v(t)=-32t+4 ft/s: at highest?

Answer-174

0. At peak, v=0.

Question-175

50 mm lens photos 4 m tree 20 m away: image height?

Answer-175

10 millimeters. Magnification m=-f/(u-f), but thin lens approx m= f/u =50/20000=0.0025, height=4*0.0025=0.01 m=10 mm.

Question-176

Name three ferromagnetic elements at 25°C.

Answer-176

Iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), gadolinium (Gd). Any three; magnetic below Curie point.

Question-177

Si chip 0.2×0.2×0.1 mm, density 2.34 g/cm³, 6e23 atoms/g-wt, at wt 28: atoms?

Answer-177

2 × 10^{17}. Volume=4e-6 cm³, mass=9.36e-6 g, atoms=(9.36e-6 /28)*6e23 ≈2e17.

Question-178

SSC accelerates what particles?

Answer-178

Protons. High-energy collider.

Question-179

15 N on 3 kg object only force: acceleration?

Answer-179

5 meters per second squared. a=F/m=15/3=5 m/s².

Question-180

Scottish physicist mathematical light theory?

Answer-180

James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell’s equations.

Question-181

1923 Nobel measured electron charge with oil drops?

Answer-181

Robert Andrews Millikan. Quantized charge.

Question-182

1922 Nobel for H atom electron orbits?

Answer-182

Niels Bohr. Bohr model.

Question-183

First female Physics Nobel?

Answer-183

Marie Sklodowska-Curie or Madam Curie. Radioactivity 1903.

Question-184

6 A through 2-ohm 30 s: charge?

Answer-184

180 coulombs. Q=I t=6*30=180 C.

Question-185

20 V across 4-ohm: current?

Answer-185

5 amps. I=V/R=20/4=5 A.

Question-186

East of negative point charge: E field direction?

Answer-186

West. Toward negative charge.

Question-187

2F and 4F parallel: equivalent?

Answer-187

6 farads. C_eq=C1+C2=6 F.

Question-188

5 A through 10-ohm: power?

Answer-188

250 watts. P=I²R=25*10=250 W.

Question-189

500W vs 100W bulb filament resistance at 110V?

Answer-189

Lower. Higher power lower R, R=V²/P, 12100/500<12100/100.

Question-190

5 and 10 ohm parallel: equivalent?

Answer-190

3 and 1/3 ohm. 1/R=1/5+1/10=3/10, R=10/3≈3.333 Ω.

Question-191

2 m focal concave mirror, object 8 m: image real/virtual?

Answer-191

Real. Beyond center, inverted real image.

Question-192

27 cm focal converging, object 9 cm: image real/virtual?

Answer-192

Virtual. Object inside focal, virtual enlarged.

Question-193

Light quantities unchanged vacuum to glass?

Answer-193

Frequency. Speed and wavelength decrease, frequency constant.

Question-194

Light from glass to air, incidence >0: bend toward/away normal?

Answer-194

Away from. Snell’s law, higher to lower index, larger angle.

Question-195

Point P pool bottom image P’: real/virtual?

Answer-195

Virtual. Refraction apparent depth.

Question-196

0.2 Hz frequency wave: period?

Answer-196

5 seconds. T=1/f=1/0.2=5 s.

Question-197

Three colors in color TV picture?

Answer-197

Red, green, blue. RGB additive mixing.

Question-198

Process waves around obstacles?

Answer-198

Diffraction. Bending around edges.

Question-199

Ratio speed to sound speed?

Answer-199

Mach number. Supersonic >1.

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